Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 1 chapter 1. Unit of refrigeration the unit of refrigeration is ton of refrigeration or simply ton denoted by tr. Introduction a major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. The resulting refrigerant vapor returns to the compressor inlet at point 1 to complete the thermodynamic cycle. Ph diagram representation of a dry refrigeration cycle. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful. Refrigeration basics and lng university of oklahoma. These pressure areas are divided by the other two components. For an air conditioning system to operate with economy, the refrigerant must be used repeatedly.
Warm air will pass over the coil which contains the refrigerant, then the refrigerant absorbs the heat, then the you are. The basic refrigeration cycle for beginners if we are interested in learning how a refrigeration system works, it is helpful to understand from the ph pressure enthalpy chart perspective. Basically, there are two types of chillers based upon the refrigeration cycle. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle ppt xpowerpoint. Basic refrigeration cycle the evaporatoris between points 1 and 2. View and download powerpoint presentations on vapor compression refrigeration cycle ppt. Devices that produce refrigeration are called refrigerators, and the cycles on which they operate are called refrigeration cycles. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle, step by step.
Refrigeration vaporcompression cycle online training. Working fluid for vapor absorption refrigeration system vars some experimental results for different fluid various designs of vars cost analysis conclusions 2. Referring to the illustration below, beginning the cycle at the evaporator inlet 1, the lowpressure liquid expands, absorbs heat, and evaporates, changing to. The vapor compression cycle explained is the most common type of system used in refrigeration and air conditioning. Zubair latif comsats institute of information technology, lahore 2. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. Receiver a tank to store liquid refrigerant not being used to cool evaporator coil, required on systems with remote. There are 4 main components in a mechanical refrigeration system. Part 2 covers the types of equipment used in residential and commercial buildings to control comfort conditions. While some people have viewed this method as environmentally harmful and inefficient, the cycle is still applicable in the industrial sphere. Vars is also belongs to class of vapor cycle is similar to the vcrs. In this component, the refrigerant starts as a cold, twophase substance part liquid, part vapor and is boiled to a saturated gas by absorbing heat from the spacefluiditem that needs to be cooled. Animation video basic refrigeration vapor compression cycle the above video that briefly explains the refrigeration cycle is a simplified extract for video from the. The five commercially available refrigeration cycles are.
The next section covers the air cycle and how air is used to deliver and maintain comfort. That is because the principles of mechanical refrigeration and essential components are same for all kind of systems, only the size, arrangement of. If you experience any problems with the site, please contact pete hoffman immediately so corrections can be made. Topics and details covered in this hvac training course greatly assist in refrigerator and ac maintenance and repair. This is the basic refrigeration cycle applied to a 10 seer r22 fixed orifice air conditioning system. Relate the types of refrigeration cycles to the method of compression and the type of compressor used. For example, in the refrigeration cycle, the evaporator cooling coil is colder than the air flowing around it, so heat flows from the warmer air into the evaporator. For this reason, all air conditioners use the same cycle of compression, condensation, expansion. Its function is to provide a heat transfer surface through which heat can pass from the refrigerated space into the vaporizing refrigerant. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. Watercooled chillers commercial chiller equipment 4 basic refrigeration cycle for watercooled chillers in this tdp, we will explain the refrigeration cycle using components from a centrifugal chiller since that type of chiller is watercooled. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. Liquids absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas gases give off heat when changed from gas to liquid. Refrigeration cycle refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region refrigeration cycle is the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, where the refrigerant is vaporized and condenses alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase.
The compressor is widely considered the engine of the refrigeration cycle. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is nearly 200 years old, but it does not seem ready to leave the scene any time soon. At this stage in the refrigeration cycle, high pressure liquid refrigerant will flow down the liquid line, through a filter drier that is designed to prevent contaminants from flowing through the system, and on to the metering device. If we understand how the refrigeration cycle works, well understand how any air conditioner works. Mechanical refrigeration is accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating, and condensing a.
It tells us how much refrigerant the evaporator absorbs, the refrigerant properties in the compressor, and how much refrigerant the condenser rejects. Explain the operation of a basic vapor compression cycle. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. Refrigeration is used in many different residential, commercial, and industrial applications, ranging from food preservation to air conditioning to liquefaction of gases like oxygen and propane. Understanding the four key components of the refrigeration system, and how these components interact with one another in the refrigeration cycle is an essential step to both basic. A chiller is a watercooled air conditioning system that cools inside air, creating a more comfortable and productive environment. Refrigerant absorbs unwanted heat at one location and releases it at another location. A thorough understanding of system operation is needed to be a technician.
Special university course for future engineers lecture notes. The basic purpose of refrigeration is to remove heat from an area where it is not wanted. Air conditioning clinic trgtrc018en american standard inc. Basic cryogenic processes joulethomoson process, brayton process as well as claude process are described and compared. The compressor is a vapour compression pump which uses pistons or some other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. Ppt refrigeration basics 101 powerpoint presentation.
The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. This chapter gives an overview of the principles of low temperature refrigeration and the thermodynamics behind it. Main parts of vapor compression refrigeration cycles. The refrigeration cycle explained in plain english. Firstlesson on how the basic refrigeration cycle works. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about vapor compression refrigeration cycle ppt. The following temperatures are typical of the standard refrigeration cycle for. Hvac the refrigeration cycle hvac training for beginners. The basic refrigeration cycle is similar for many refrigeration and air. The most frequently used refrigeration cycle is the vapor compression refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is vaporized and condensed alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase.
The refrigeration cycle explains to us what is happening to the ac freon in each of the four components within the central air conditioner. As refrigerant in the latent state or as vapor refrigerant in the process of changed state to liquid, this is the phase where it absorbs or rejects large quantities of heat. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. It is an indication of the level of heat in a substance. Tata sharma basic principles of refrigeration common definations. The evaporator or low pressure, in the low side and the condenser, or high pressure, in the high side. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. The last two sections of part 1 cover the refrigeration cycles used to control temperature and humidity. Eric nelson basics refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that it s temperature is lower than that of it s. One ton of refrigeration means amount of heat required to remove from one short ton of water at 00c to produce ice at 00c at 24 hours. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working.
The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system. The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. Here the gas condenses to a liquid, and gives off its heat to the outside air. In the following example, we will assume that the refrigerant being used is pure ammonia, which boils at 27 degrees f.
Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick background this guide identifies and discusses best practices for making industrial refrigeration systems both energyefficient and productive. Describe the operation of a vapor compression cycle using a positive displacement compressor, including the identification of temperatures and pressures at various points in the cycle. Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. Your customers may need refrigeration to cool something that is a source of revenue for them. Consider the real cycle taking place outside the two phase region using a compressor and an expander. Since refrigeration deals entirely with the removal or transfer of heat, some knowledge of the nature and effects of heat is necessary for a clear understanding of the subject. In the process of being compressed the cool, gaseous refrigerant is turned to. Two different pressures exist in the refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration cycle animation vapor compression cycle. Vapor compression, absorption, gas cycle, steam jet and thermoelectric, of which the most popular is the vapor compression cycle.
To cool the refrigerant down it is passed through the expansion valve, this will reduce the pressure of the refrigerant by. The refrigerator in your kitchen uses a cycle that is similar to the one described in the previous section. The refrigeration machine that produces chilled water is referred to as a chiller. By far the most common method of refrigeration is the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle a. Gain a complete understanding of the refrigeration cycle and air conditioning cycle as well as air conditioning basics in this refrigeration course. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. The highest levels of efficiency in these systems are achieved through a. This manual will help guide you through your quest to improve your knowledge of commercial refrigeration. On one end, is the metering device which controls the refrigerant flow, and on the other end, is the compressor.
Now that we had a little hvac training on the basics of thermodynamics lets move on to the four components that make up the basic refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a lowpressure gas, it is compressed and then moves out of the compressor as a highpressure gas. An overview of the basic refrigeration cycle duration. Refrigerants absorb heat by evaporating and release heat through condensing. Heat flow is a basic principle of refrigeration in fact, of all hvac work.
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